Mobile pastoralist groups are often underrepresented by existing models of progress: their representation in political processes is negligible, and their movement is perceived by the governed as a problem rather than as a viable means of subsistence. The natural resources used by pastoralists are under strain due to the overexploitation of the grazing pastures that have been spared from encroachment into arable land due to population expansion and the rising demand for meat. More stress is placed on the system by varying environmental circumstances, such as persistent droughts. Environmental deterioration, dwindling natural resources, modernization, and liberalization all put strain on pastoralists' means of subsistence. These dynamics constantly make poverty and socioeconomic marginalization among pastoralists harder rather than better, but they also encourage participation in educational opportunities that could raise their future social standing, increase job security, and improve future sustainable livelihoods. With so many issues at play, it's critical to examine whether pastoralism can be viewed as a sustainable production system or whether the pastoralist production system is inherently incapable of dealing with today's issues in the sense that it is harmful to the world's finite resources. This review paper describes the current situation of pastoralists, the Ethno veterinary practices they employ to care for their animals, and the issues they encounter. Strengthening pastoralist’s ability to diversify their sources of income requires educating them about entrepreneurship, teaching them how to pool resources to finance their business ventures, and ensuring that they have access to credit and markets.

Keyword: Pastoralism; Ethno veterinary practices; Livestock; Challenges.