The vegetarian dietary preference underscores the significant role vegetables play in human nutrition and health. They are the abundant source of essential nutrients, vitamins, antioxidants, phytosterols, and dietary fibre. Vegetables are reservoir of bioactive medicinal molecules such as lycopene, resveratrol, tannins, indoles, glucosinolates, polyphenols, phytoestrogens, carotenoids and anthocyanins among others which provide health benefits. These Phenolic bioactive compounds derived from plants possess a spectrum of desired health effects, with a particular emphasis on those metabolites possessing desired health benefit with particular emphasis on preventing cardiovascular disease, cancer, and other ailments. The chlorogenic acid and nasunin present in brinjal have anti carcinogenic, anti-obesity, and anti-diabetic properties. Lycopene present in tomato, watermelon and carrot contributes to cancer protection and immune system enhancement. Allicin, allyl propyl disulfide and di-allydisulfide present in onion and garlic shield against certain cancers and heart disease; and also boosting immunity. Cruciferous vegetables are rich source of sulforaphane known for its anti-cancer property. Flavonoids (isoflavones) abundant in beans lower the cholesterol and mitigate cancer risk. Cucurbitacin in cucurbits display anti-inflammatory and cardiovascular effects. These bioactive compounds offer numerous health advantages, including potent antioxidant properties, protection against diseases triggered by oxidative stress, prevention of specific cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders (high cholesterol, high blood pressure, alzheimer’s or parkinson’s, type II diabetes, cancers, urinary tract infections). The health benefits of phenolic compounds are contingent on factors such as protective foods due to low calories content, high levels of vitamins and minerals. Their phytochemical-rich composition endows them with medicinal value, making them invaluable contributors to human wellbeing. This paper present a comprehensive exploration of the diverse bioactive compounds found in vegetable crops and their potential medicinal properties, highlighting their crucial role in preventing chronic disease and promoting overall health.